Institutionally, the Kremlin has for years been effectively an extension of the Federal Security Service, or FSB. Thee three most powerful men in Russia today are all current or former FSB chiefs- Putin himself, the Security Council chairman Nikolai Patrushev and the current FSB head Alexander Bortnikov. They met in the Leningrad KGB in the mid-1970s and have known and worked with each other for nearly half a century.

From the Russian law’s perspective, the creation and management of PMCs is an illegal activity. However since all PMCs are subordinate to the Kremlin in one way or another, the members of these organizations are not arrested or subjected to trials. With a few exceptions: if a PMC leader falls out of favor with the Kremlin, he or she can be arrested and sent to prison along with the members of the organization in accordance with the current laws of the Russian Federation.

The legalization of dozens of settlements in the West Bank, violates Palestinian sovereignty, threatening civil peace and security, jeopardizing water resources, and blocking agricultural development.

1. Soupçons de «prise illégale d'intérêts, détournement de fonds publics, favoritisme et recel de favoritisme

Prise illégale d’intérêts : La prise illégale d’intérêts sanctionne le fait pour une personne dépositaire de l’autorité publique, ou investie d’une mission de service public ou encore un élu de prendre un intérêt quelconque dans une affaire dont elle assure la surveillance, l’administration, la liquidation ou le paiement au moment de l’acte. Ce délit est puni de cinq ans d’emprisonnement et de 500,000 € d’amende.  

THE WORLD’S TOP AIRLINES OF 2023 ACCORDING TO SKYTRAX

1. Singapore Airlines

2. Qatar Airways

3. ANA All Nippon Airways

4. Emirates

5. Japan Airlines

6. Turkish Airlines

7. Air France

8. Cathay Pacific

9. EVA Air

10. Korean Air

11. Hainan Airlines

12. Swiss Int’l Air Lines

13. Etihad Airways

14. Iberia

15. Fiji Airways

16. Vistara

17. Qantas Airways

18. British Airways

19. Air New Zealand

20. Delta Air Lines

Actions for the peaceful decolonization, liberation, declaration/restoration of country. Official recognition of the independence and sovereignty of the following states of indigenous peoples an colonial areas.

1. Adyghea

2. Arkhangelsk (Represented by the Karelian National Mouvement

3. Astrakhan (Oirat-Kalmyk People’s Congress)

4. Bashkortostan (Bashkort Movement, Bashkir National Political Center)

5. Buryatia (Free Buryata Foundation)

6. Central Federal District

7. Chechnya (Ichkerian Government)

8. Chuvashia (Free Idel-Ural)

Malign foreign influence is a subset of foreign interference, wherein an individual or entity exerts influence, through covert or non-transparent means, at the direction of, or on behalf of, or with the substantial support of, a foreign principal.

Most of the major movements have existed before the collapse of the Soviet Union and attempted to break away in the 90s or 2000s. These movements have some levels of support among the local population, diaspora, local politicians and regional elites. Most of the movements are still small in size.

Russia is a failed state. It’s been unable to transform itself into a nation-state, a civic state or even a stable imperial state. It is a federation in name only, as the central government pursues a policy of ethnic and linguistic homogenization and denies any powers to the country’s 89 federal subjects, including 21 non-slavic autonomous republics. Russian citizens are not all ethnic Russians and the proportion of ethnic Russians (approximately 80 percent today) is on the decline.

Scenario 1: Russia could test nuclear weapons as a warning to Ukraine and its supporters, demonstrating both its resolve and capability. A nuclear demonstration would not tilt the balance in favor of either side. The efficacy of even Russia’s most advanced nuclear weapons is likely already known to relevant Western governments, and a test likely would not incentivize Ukraine to capitulate because Kyiv already feels that the conflict is existential.