Author: Pavel Kanevski, Lomonosov Moscow State University

Original Text edited by AALEP

Russian interest groups have been constantly learning how European policymaking works, using lobbying as an instrument of direct and indirect influence. However, fusion of business and government often makes it difficult for Russian interest groups, foremost business, to exercise influence abroad independently.   

Definition

Source: The International Standards for Lobbying Framework are the result of collaborative work with civil society led by Transparency International, Access Info Europe, Sunlight Foundation and Open Knowledge. This initiative draws on the experience of a broad coalition of civil society organisations active in the field of lobbying transparency and open governance. The Standards aim at providing clear guidance to policymakers, governments and international organisations that are thinking of or are in the process of enacting lobbying legislation.

Author : Nicholas W. Allard

Original Text has been edited by AALEP

Introduction

Groupe 1:  Statutory Lobbying Regulations (Mandatory Regulation)

Authors: José Caro John and Juan Diego Ugaz (Payet, Rey, Cauvi, Pérez Abogados)

Constitution: The basic source of law is the written Constitution of 1993. Owing to the guarantees given by the Constitution, the following activities are not considered to be lobbying:

Author: Maria Tranoudi, Bahas, Gramatidis & Partners

Constitution: The basic source of law is the Constitution and the generally recognised rules of international law, as well as international conventions as of the time they are ratified by statute. Lobbying is not regulated in Greece and, as such, no specific limitations or legislation exists for the activities of lobbyists.

Authors: John Cooper and Kieran Laird (Gowling WLG)

Constitution: The United Kingdom does not have a codified constitution. Rather, its constitutional arrangements are comprised in a set of statutes, judicial decisions, EU and international laws, principles and customary practices. These arrangements create the institutions of the state and regulate their interaction, both with each other and between themselves and citizens.

Purposes of the Act

Based on President-elect von der Leyen’s Mission Letters

1. Executive Vice-President for the European Green Deal (Frans Timmermans)

Mission

The Executive Vice-President has a dual function. He sets the strategic direction and chair the Commissioners’ Group on the European Green Deal. In addition, he is responsible for the climate action portfolio. In leading the work on the European Green Deal, he ensures all policy dimensions are fully taken into account.